Cardiovascular risk and quality of life in supermarket cashiers: The role of physical activity.

BACKGROUND: Occupations might influence the employees' psychophysical conditions and an important issue is the human activity mechanization, which favors a hypokinetic work status and leads to several chronic diseases. One of the most hypokinetic occupations is the supermarket cashier, in which the individual may spend many hours a day in the same body position. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk, quality of life and physical activity level in supermarket cashiers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which included 200 supermarket cashiers aged 20 to 41 years from São Paulo, Brazil. The following cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated: overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco smoking. Physical activity level and quality of life were assessed with the short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAq) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), respectively. Student t test and Chi-square were carried out to evaluate mean gender comparations and frequency, respectively. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity level. RESULTS: The prevalence for all cardiovascular risk factors was significantly high in the cashiers with a low physical activity level. However, there was a significant reduction in several risk factors in the groups with moderate and high physical activity levels. The odds ratio values were significantly reduced for the association between the cardiovascular risk factors and the moderate and high physical activity levels. The cashiers with moderate and high physical activity levels showed significantly higher quality of life scores for the social and environmental domain. CONCLUSIONS: A high physical activity level is positively related to quality of life in supermarket cashiers.

Urinary incontinence and exercise: kinesiological description of an intervention proposal / Incontinência urinária e exercício: descrição cinesiológica de uma proposta de intervenção / Incontinencia urinaria y ejercicio: descripción kinesiológica de una propuesta de intervención

ABSTRACT Introduction Research shows that symptoms of urinary incontinence are common among women who engage in physical activity. Objective To conduct a kinesiological analysis of specific exercises for the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), proposing correspondences of these postures through resistance exercises. Methods This research project is of a descriptive nature with level of evidence V. Videos and photos were taken to obtain an image for the collection of data based on the accomplishment of the specific postures. Results The kinesiological study revealed that the muscles involved in the postures of exercises targeting the prevention of urinary incontinence beyond those specific to the pelvic floor were: trunk flexors; spinal erector; adductors and hip extensors. The resistance exercises corresponding to these positions in bodybuilding apparatus were the machine hack squat; sitting adductor exercises; sitting abductor exercises; the smith machine squat and the free squat or machine squat. Conclusion This study showed that it is possible to construct correspondence between exercises for the pelvic floor muscles and resistance exercises with bodybuilding equipment and free weights. A new strategy is suggested for the physical education professional, based on resistance exercises: taking a coadjuvant approach to the treatment and prevention of urinary incontinence during physical and sports exercises. Level of evidence V, Case series.

RESUMO Introdução Pesquisas mostram que os sintomas da incontinência urinária são comuns entre mulheres que praticam atividade física. Objetivo Realizar análise cinesiológica de exercícios específicos para os músculos do assoalho pélvico, propondo correspondências destas posturas por meio de exercícios resistidos. Métodos Esta pesquisa é de natureza descritiva com nível de evidência V. Foram realizadas filmagens e fotos, para obtenção de imagem para a coleta de dados, a partir da realização das posturas específicas. Resultados O estudo cinesiológico revelou que os músculos envolvidos nas posturas de exercícios para a prevenção da incontinência urinária além daqueles específicos do assoalho pélvico foram: os flexores de tronco; os eretores da espinha; os adutores e os extensores de quadril. Os exercícios físicos resistidos correspondentes para estas posturas em aparelhos de musculação foram o hack machine, a cadeira adutora, a cadeira abdutora, o agachamento smith machine e o agachamento livre ou na máquina. Conclusão É possível a construção de correspondência entre os exercícios para os músculos do assoalho pélvico e exercícios resistidos com equipamentos de musculação e pesos livres. Sugere-se nova estratégia para o profissional de educação física, a partir de exercícios resistidos, a saber: realizar abordagem coadjuvante para o tratamento e a prevenção da incontinência urinária durante a prática de exercícios físicos e esportivos. Nível de evidência V, Série de casos.

RESUMEN Introducción Las investigaciones muestran que los síntomas de la incontinencia urinaria son comunes entre las mujeres que realizan actividad física. Objetivo Realizar análisis kinesiológico de ejercicios específicos para los músculos del suelo pélvico, proponiendo correspondencias de estas posturas por medio de ejercicios resistidos. Métodos Esta investigación es de naturaleza descriptiva con nivel de evidencia V. Fueron realizadas filmaciones y fotos, para obtención de imagen para la recolección de datos a partir de la realización de las posturas específicas. Resultados El estudio kinesiológico reveló que los músculos involucrados en las posturas de ejercicios para la prevención de la incontinencia urinaria, además de aquellos específicos del suelo pélvico fueron: los flexores de tronco; los erectores de la espina dorsal; los aductores y los extensores de cadera. Los ejercicios físicos resistidos correspondientes para estas posturas en aparatos de musculación fueron: hack machine; silla aductora; silla abductora; sentadilla smith machine y sentadilla libre o en la máquina. Conclusión Es posible la construcción de correspondencia entre los ejercicios para los músculos del suelo pélvico y ejercicios resistidos con equipos de musculación y pesos libres. Se sugiere nueva estrategia para el profesional de educación física, a partir de ejercicios resistidos, a saber: realizar un enfoque coadyuvante para el tratamiento y la prevención de la incontinencia urinaria durante la práctica de ejercicios físicos y deportivos. Nivel de evidencia V, Serie de casos.

Age-Related Changes in Postural Control in Physically Inactive Older Women.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The maintenance of postural control is influenced by the complexity of a given task. Tasks that require greater attention and cognitive involvement increase the risk of falls among older adults. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of the postural control system to different levels of task complexity in physically inactive young and older women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with adult women classified as physically inactive based on the results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The participants were 27 young (20-30 years of age) and 27 older (60-80 years of age) women. Sway velocity of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions was calculated using a force plate under 6 conditions: standing directly on the force plate or on a foam placed over the force plate, eyes open or closed, and dual-task complexity with and without the foam. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A 2-way analysis of variance revealed that sway velocity increased in both groups when the task conditions were altered. The older women exhibited significantly greater sway velocity compared with the young women on all tasks. However, the patterns of postural control adaptation to the different levels of complexity were similar among all participants. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the adaption of the postural control system to different levels of task complexity did not differ between physically inactive young and physically inactive older women. However, the physically inactive older women exhibited greater sway velocity compared with the young women.

Multivariate linear regression analysis to evaluate multiple-set performance in active and inactive individuals

Abstract Aim: To determine how EMG, anthropometric, and psychological factors, and physical activity levels affect isokinetic peak torque performance (IPT) of multiple set exercise sessions. Methods: 20 participants (27±7 years old), classified as active (A=10) and inactive (I=10), performed 10x10:40secs of maximal unilateral knee flexions and extensions at 120o.s-1. The IPT, EMG, glucose, LDH, and lactate concentrations and perceptions of pain, effort, recovery. Results: Active volunteers showed higher muscularity (52±5 vs 47±4 cm; p<0.05), PTI (262±4 vs 185±4 Nm; p<0.05), relative lower drop in performance (14±2 vs 27±3% ; p<0.05), major MDF (83±1 vs 76±1 Hz; p<0.05), lower log -Fins5 (-12.9±0.3 vs -12.7 ± 0.3 Hz; p<0.05), smaller subjective perception of effort (14.8±0.3 vs 17.0±0.3) and higher subjective perception of recovery (14.2±0.2 vs 12.3±0.3). There was a significant interaction between relative fatigue and the number of sets (F=6.18; p<0.001). Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that subjective perception of recovery best explained the fatigue level generated in the active volunteers [fatigue level= 85.084-5255(SPR)] while for body mass was the best determinant for the inactive group [fatigue level = -21.560 +1.828(BMI)]. Conclusion: Data from the present analysis suggest that physically active individuals show higher torque development and a smaller fatigability index when compared to inactive individuals. Among the fatigue models studied, it is possible that alterations in biochemical components, psychophysiological and EMG are not sensitive to the direct influence of the fatigue dynamics protocol, both in active or inactive individuals.

Effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on muscular fatigue: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of previous carbohydrate supplementation on high-volume resistance exercise performance Methods: Twenty males physically independent adults aged ≥18 years participated in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. Sixty minutes before the experimental protocol, each participant ingested 0,6 g.kg of body mass-1 of carbohydrate supplementation or placebo. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction tests were performed before and after the dynamic fatigue induction protocol consisting of 10 sets of 8 repetitions of right leg knee extensors at 120º s-1. Results: Lower decrement of the isometric peak torque (p<0,001) and of the rate of torque development (p<0,001) was observed in carbohydrate supplementation after the dynamic protocol. Both concentric and eccentric peak torque differed significantly (p<0,001) between carbohydrate supplementation and placebo treatments from the second set, although the slope of the force-repetitions curve was not different between them. Additionally, the carbohydrate supplementation resulted in a lower session rating of perceived exertion (p<0,05). Conclusions: Previous carbohydrate supplementation attenuates muscle fatigue and internal load exercise in a high-volume isokinetic leg protocol.(AU)

Effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the functional fitness in elderly women / Efeitos de um programa multicomponente de exercícios sobre a aptidão funcional de idosas / Efectos de un programa multicomponente de ejercicios sobre la aptitud funcional de ancianas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging is inevitable and irreversible, but with the advancement of technology, life expectancy is increasing every year, bringing proposals for various interventions to improve the quality of life. One such intervention is physical exercise programs. Objectives: To investigate the impact of multicomponent training in circuits on functional autonomy parameters in elderly women. Methods: Elderly were recruited and distributed in two groups: trained (N = 16) and non-trained (N = 15). Those in the trained group performed 75-minute training sessions twice a week over a 56-week period. The resistance training included upper and lower limbs with a relative intensity of 70% of 1RM, exercises using body weight, stretching and specific tasks for agility, performed in a circuit form and totaling three passages. Participants underwent functional autonomy (FA) assessment by the protocol of the Latin American Developmental Group for Maturity, the 6-minute walk test (T6M), and the sit-and-reach (SR) test. Results: The trained group had a significant decrease in body weight (p=0.02) and body mass index (p=0.015). Significant improvements (p=0,009) were also observed in FA, SR, and T6M after the intervention Compared with the untrained group, the trained group also obtained significant differences in all functional parameters analyzed. Conclusion: A long-term multicomponent training program conducted on a circuit and applied twice a week was enough to improve multiple components of the functional autonomy of elderly women. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.

RESUMO Introdução: O envelhecimento é inevitável e irreversível, porém, com o avanço da tecnologia, a expectativa de vida está aumentando a cada ano, trazendo propostas de diversas intervenções para melhorar a qualidade de vida. Entre elas, encontram-se os programas de exercício físico. Objetivos: Investigar o impacto do treinamento multicomponente realizado em circuitos sobre os parâmetros de autonomia funcional em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Idosas foram recrutadas e distribuídas em dois grupos: treinado (N = 16) e não treinado (N = 15). As idosas do grupo treinado realizaram sessões de treino de 75 minutos, duas vezes por semana, durante um período de 56 semanas. Os exercícios resistidos abrangeram membros superiores e inferiores com intensidade relativa de 70% de 1RM, exercícios usando peso corporal, alongamento e tarefas específicas para agilidade, realizados em forma de circuito e totalizando três passagens. As participantes foram submetidas à avaliação da autonomia funcional (AF) pelo protocolo do Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para a Maturidade, ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos (T6M) e ao teste de sentar e alcançar (SA). Resultados: O grupo treinado teve diminuição significativa do peso corporal (p = 0,02) e do índice de massa corporal (p = 0,015). Foram observadas também melhoras significativas (p = 0,009) no AF, no SA e no T6M após a intervenção. Em comparação com o grupo não treinado, o grupo treinado também obteve diferenças significativas em todos os parâmetros funcionais analisados. Conclusão: Um programa de longa duração de treinamento multicomponente realizado em circuito e aplicado duas vezes por semana foi suficiente para melhorar múltiplos componentes da autonomia funcional de idosas. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos prognósticos - Investigação do efeito de característica de um paciente sobre o desfecho da doença.

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento es inevitable e irreversible, pero con el avance de la tecnología la expectativa de vida está aumentando cada año, trayendo propuestas de diversas intervenciones para mejorar la calidad de vida. Entre ellas, se encuentran los programas de ejercicio físico. Objetivos: Investigar el impacto del entrenamiento multicomponente realizado en circuitos sobre los parámetros de autonomía funcional en mujeres ancianas. Métodos: Las ancianas fueron reclutadas y distribuidas en dos grupos: entrenado (N = 16) y no entrenado (N = 15). Las ancianas del grupo entrenado realizaron sesiones de entrenamiento de 75 minutos, dos veces por semana, durante un período de 56 semanas. Los ejercicios resistidos abarcaron miembros superiores e inferiores con intensidad relativa del 70% de 1RM, ejercicios usando el peso corporal, estiramiento y tareas específicas para agilidad, realizados en forma de circuito y totalizando tres pasajes. Las participantes fueron sometidas a la evaluación de la autonomía funcional (AF) por el protocolo del Grupo de Desarrollo Latinoamericano para la Madurez, a la prueba de caminata de seis minutos (T6M) y a la prueba de sentarse y alcanzar (SA). Resultados: El grupo entrenado tuvo una disminución significativa del peso corporal (p = 0,02) y del índice de masa corporal (p = 0,015). Se observaron también mejoras significativas (p = 0,009) en el AF, en el SA y en el T6M después de la intervención. En comparación con el grupo no entrenado, el grupo entrenado también obtuvo diferencias significativas en todos los parámetros funcionales analizados. Conclusión: Un programa de larga duración de entrenamiento multicomponente realizado en circuito y aplicado dos veces por semana fue suficiente para mejorar múltiples componentes de la autonomía funcional entre las mujeres mayores. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios prognósticos - Investigación del efecto de características de un paciente sobre el desenlace de la enfermedad.

Alterations in peak torque occur without hematological changes after muscle fatigue / As alterações no pico de torque ocorrem sem modificações em parâmetros hematológicos após fadiga muscular / Los cambios en el pico de par ocurren sin modificaciones en parámetros hematológicos después de fatiga muscular

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscular fatigue during voluntary muscle contractions is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon associated with central changes and adaptations of the neuromuscular system. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in both peak torque and hematological parameters in active and inactive healthy subjects following a muscular fatigue protocol. Methods: Twenty-one healthy adult males performed a muscle fatigue protocol (10 sets, 10 repetitions of knee extension at 75% of the maximal isometric torque (MIT), 120º s-1 and 40 seconds of rest). Hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC) and leukocytes (L) analysis were evaluated before (B) and after (A) a fatigue test. Results: The inactive group presented impairment only in concentric muscular action of -41±4% in relation to the active (-23±3%) group. No differences were found in hematological parameters in inactive group (Ht, B: 45.00±0.01 vs. A: 47.00±0.01; RBC, B: 442±40 vs. A: 487±41; L, B: 7,565±2,878 vs. A: 8,015±4,224) and the active group (Ht, B: 45.00±0.63 vs. A: 47.00±0.01; RBC, B: 477±30 vs. A: 559±37; L, B: 6,418±3,557 vs. A: 6,632±4,460). Conclusion: Differences were found only in concentric actions between groups. Additionally, there were no relationships found in hematological parameters between groups.

RESUMO Introdução: A fadiga muscular durante as contrações musculares voluntárias é um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial associado a alterações centrais e adaptações do sistema neuromuscular. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as alterações do pico de torque e dos parâmetros hematológicos em indivíduos saudáveis ativos e inativos depois de realizar um protocolo de fadiga muscular. Métodos: Vinte e um adultos saudáveis do sexo masculino realizaram um protocolo de fadiga muscular (10 séries, 10 repetições de extensão do joelho a 75% do torque isométrico máximo (TIM) a 120ºs-1 e 40 segundos de repouso). Hematócrito (Ht), glóbulos vermelhos (GV) e leucócitos (L) foram analisados antes (A) e depois (D) do teste de fadiga. Resultados: O grupo inativo apresentou deterioração apenas na ação muscular concêntrica (-41 ± 4%) com relação ao grupo ativo (-23 ± 3%). Não foram encontradas diferenças nos parâmetros hematológicos no grupo inativo (Ht, A: 45,00 ± 0,01 vs. D: 47,00 ± 0,01; GV, A: 442 ± 40 vs. D: 487 ± 41; L, A: 7.565 ± 2.878 vs. D: 8.015 ± 4.224) e no grupo ativo (Ht, A: 45,00 ± 0,63 vs. D: 47,00 ± 0,01; GV, A: 477 ± 30 vs. D: 559 ± 37; L, A: 6.418 ± 3.557 vs. D: 6.632 ± 4.460). Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças apenas em ações concêntricas entre os grupos. Além disso, não foram encontradas relações quanto aos parâmetros hematológicos entre os grupos.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fatiga muscular durante las contracciones musculares voluntarias es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial asociado con cambios centrales y adaptaciones del sistema neuromuscular. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los cambios del par máximo y los parámetros hematológicos en sujetos sanos activos e inac-tivos después de un protocolo de fatiga muscular. Métodos: Veintiún adultos sanos del sexo masculino realizaron un protocolo de fatiga muscular (10 series, 10 repeticiones de extensión de la rodilla en el 75% del par isométrico máximo (PIM) a 120ºs-1 y 40 segundos de descanso). Hematocrito (Ht), glóbulos rojos (GR) y leucocitos (L) fueron evaluados antes (A) y después (D) de la prueba de fatiga. Resultados: El grupo inactivo presentó deterioro sólo en la acción muscular concéntrica (-41 ± 4%) con respecto al grupo activo (-23 ± 3%). No se encontraron diferencias en los parámetros hematológicos en el grupo inactivo (Ht, A: 45,00 ± 0.01 vs. D: 47,00 ± 0,01; GR, A: 442 ± 40 vs. D: 487 ± 41; L, A: 7.565 ± 2.878 vs. D: 8.015 ± 4.224) y en el grupo activo (Ht, A: 45,00 ± 0,63 vs. A: 47,00 ± 0,01; GR, A: 477 ± 30 vs. D: 559 ± 37; L, A: 6.418 ± 3.557 vs. D: 6.632 ± 4.460). Conclusión: Se encontraron diferencias sólo en las acciones concéntricas entre los grupos. Además, no hubo relaciones con respecto a los parámetros hematológicos entre los grupos.

Slackline: saúde, aventura e emoção para os idosos / Slackline: health, adventure and excitement for the elderly / Slackline: salud, aventura y emoción para los ancianos

Na tentativa de minimizar os processos degenerativos causados pelo envelhecimento percebe-se no slackline uma ferramenta com potencial para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população idosa. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar essa atividade em um grupo pertencente a um programa de atividade física orientada. A pesquisa descritiva utilizou como instrumentos: (1) diário de campo, (2) questionário (3) sistema de conversação e (4) teste de equilíbrio. Após as intervenções de slackline percebeu-se que ele fornece estímulos neuromotores interessantes para essa faixa etária, mas evidenciou-se que o aumento da autoconfiança, a motivação para realização da prática e maior inserção social desta população foram aspectos relevantes que justificam o tipo de intervenção.

In an attempt to minimize the degenerative process caused by aging is noticed in the slackline a tool with potential for improving the quality of the life of the elderly population. The aim of this study was to analyze this activity of a group belonging to a program of guided physical activity. The descriptive research used as instruments: (1) field diary, (2) questionnaire, (3) conversation system (4) one-step balance test. After the interventions of slackline it was noticed that it provides interesting neuromotor stimuli for this age group, but it became clear that the increase in self-confidence, motivation to carry out the practice and greater social inclusion of this population were relevant aspects that justify the type of intervention.

En un intento de minimizar los procesos degenerativos causados por el envejecimiento percibe el slackline con una herramienta potencial para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población de edad avanzada. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar esta actividad en un grupo que pertenece a un programa de actividad física guiada. La investigación descriptiva utilizado como instrumentos: (1) diario (2) cuestionario (3) sistema de conversación y (4) prueba de equilibrio. Después de las intervenciones de slackline se observó que ofrece interesantes estímulos neuromotoras para este grupo de edad, pero se hizo evidente que el aumento de la confianza en sí mismo, la motivación para llevar a cabo la práctica y una mayor inclusión social de esta población fueron aspectos relevantes que justifican el tipo de intervención.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL DOES NOT INFLUENCE THE NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE IN ADULTS / NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NÃO INFLUENCIA A FADIGA NEUROMUSCULAR EM ADULTOS / EL NIVEL DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA NO INFLUENCIA LA FATIGA NEUROMUSCULAR EN ADULTOS

Introduction: Fatigue during voluntary muscle contractions is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon associated with central changes and adaptations of the neuromuscular system. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigue induced by intermittent successive extension of the knee between active and inactive university students. Method: Twenty healthy men (≥18 years), voluntarily participated in this study. To determine the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors muscle group, three sets of isometric contractions of knee extension were performed for five seconds with five minutes of rest between sets. The fatigue protocol consisted of 10 sets of 10 maximal concentric contractions of the extensor on the right knee, performed at 75% of MVIC with an interval of 45". Results: Significant reductions were observed (p<0.01), both in isometric strength (-34±4%) and the dynamic strength (-40 ± 3%). In addition, the slope of relationship strength x repetition was -0.79±0.07 Nm/repetitions and the magnitude of the effect reached -8.90. Conclusion: The protocol was useful to induce peripheral fatigue, although muscle strength is greater in the active group. In both isometric and dynamic action, muscle fatigue did not differ between groups.

Introdução: A fadiga durante contrações musculares voluntárias é um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial, associado a alterações centrais e adaptações do sistema neuromuscular. Objetivo: Avaliar a fadiga induzida por sucessivas extensões intermitentes do joelho entre estudantes universitários ativos e inativos. Métodos: Vinte homens saudáveis (≥ 18 anos) participaram voluntariamente deste estudo. Para determinar a contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) do grupo muscular extensores do joelho, foi utilizado o valore médio de três contrações isométrias de extensão do joelho, durante cinco segundos, com cinco minutos de intervalo entre as séries. O protocolo de fadiga foi composto por 10 séries de 10 contrações concêntricas máximas sobre os extensores do joelho direito, realizadas a 75% da CIVM com intervalo de 45". Resultados: Reduções significativas (p < 0,01), tanto na força isométrica (-34 ± 4%) quanto na dinâmica (-40 ± 3%). Adicionalmente, a reta da relação força x repetição assumiu inclinação de -0,79 ± 0,07 Nm/repetições e a magnitude do efeito atingiu -8,9. Conclusão: O protocolo foi útil para induzir a fadiga periférica, embora a força muscular seja maior no grupo ativo. Tanto na ação isométrica quanto dinâmica, a fadiga muscular não diferiu entre os grupos.

Introducción: La fatiga durante las contracciones musculares voluntarias es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial, asociado a los cambios centrales y adaptaciones del sistema neuromuscular. Objetivo: Evaluar la fatiga inducida por las extensiones sucesivas intermitentes de la rodilla entre los estudiantes universitarios activos e inactivos. Métodos: Veinte hombres sanos (≥ 18 años) participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Para determinar la contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima (CIVM) del grupo de los músculos extensores de la rodilla, se realizaron tres contracciones isométricas de extensión de la rodilla, durante cinco segundos, con cinco minutos de descanso entre las series. El CIVM se determinó por la media de los tres intentos. El protocolo de la fatiga consistió en 10 series de 10 contracciones concéntricas máximas del extensor de la rodilla derecha, realizadas en el 75% de CIVM con un intervalo de 45". Resultados: Se observaron reducciones significativas (p < 0,01), tanto en la fuerza isométrica (-34 ± 4%) y la dinámica (-40 ± 3%). Además, la recta de la relación fuerza x repetición presentó inclinación de -0,79 ± 0,07 Nm/repeticiones y la magnitud del efecto alcanzó -8,9. Conclusión: El protocolo fue útil para inducir fatiga periférica, aunque la fuerza muscular es mayor en el grupo activo. En acción isométrica y dinámica, la fatiga muscular no difirió entre los grupos.

Functional Fitness and Self-Reported Quality of Life of Older Women Diagnosed with Knee Osteoarthrosis: A Cross-Sectional Case Control Study.

Aim. Utilizing a cross-sectional case control design, the aim of this study was to evaluate the functional fitness and self-reported quality of life differences in older people diagnosed with knee osteoarthrosis (O) who participated in health promotion groups. Methods. Ninety older women were distributed into two groups: control without O of the knee (C, n = 40) and a group diagnosed with primary and secondary knee O with grade II or higher, with definite osteophytes (OA, n = 50). Functional fitness was evaluated by specific tests, and the time spent in physical activity and quality of life was evaluated by the IPAQ and WHOQOL (distributed in four domains: physical: P, psychological: PS, social: S, and environmental: E) domain questionnaires. Results. No differences were found between ages of groups (C: 66 ± 7; OA: 67 ± 9; years). The values of the chair stand test (rep) in the OA (13 ± 5) group were different when compared to C group (22 ± 5). For the 6-minute walk test (meters), the values obtained for the C (635 ± 142) were higher (P < 0.01) than the OA (297 ± 143) group. The time spent in physical activity (min) was greater (P < 0.001) in the control (220 ± 12) group compared to OA (100 ± 10) group. Higher values (P < 0.001) in all domains were found in the C (P: 69 ± 16, PS: 72 ± 17, S: 67 ± 15, E: 70 ± 15) group compared to OA (P: 48 ± 7, PS: 43 ± 8, S: 53 ± 13, E: 47 ± 14) group. Conclusion. Our data suggests that knee O, in older women, can promote a decline in time spent performing physical activity and functional fitness with decline in quality of life with an increase in sitting time.

Correlation of six-minute walking performance with quality of life is domain- and gender-specific in healthy older adults.

We analyzed the relationship between performance on the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older subjects. Our secondary aim was to determine the distance to be completed on the 6MWT for the subject to achieve a score of 50 on the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36). Associations were tested using linear correlation and multivariate linear regression. Participants were 130 healthy older individuals. The predictive performance of the 6MWT based on an SF-36 score of 50 was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve and its area under curve (AUC). Associations were observed between physical functioning, role-emotional, social functioning, vitality, general health score, and 6MWT performance in women, after adjusting for confounding variables (coefficients: 0.57, 0.38, 0.40, and 0.46, respectively; p < 0.05). No association was found for men. The distance for the 6MWT to predict an SF-36 score of 50 was 481 m for men in the physical functioning (AUC: 0.79) and role-physical (AUC: 0.84) domains, and 420 m for women in role-emotional (AUC: 0.75), role-physical (AUC: 0.80), and general health (AUC: 0.80) domains. Our results indicate that superior 6MWT performance may be associated with better HRQoL in several domains in only healthy older women. No association between 6MWT performance and role-emotional, mental health, or vitality domains was found. We suggest that a score of 50 is represented by a 6MWT distance of 481 m for men and 420 m for women, at least in the role-physical domain.

Análise postural em escolares do ensino fundamental / Postural analysis of students from elementary school

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as alterações posturais em escolares do ensino fundamental II. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Para realizar as avaliações posturais foi utilizado um simetrógrafo da marca Cardiomed WCS, feito em cristal flexível do tipo banner, medindo 180x70 cm. Com o intuito de facilitar a avaliação foi utilizada uma tábua (prancha de postura) medindo 40x40cm, na qual estão desenhadas impressões plantares. Para a anotação dos resultados, foi utilizada a ficha de avaliação do IAP-Instrumento de Avaliação Postural, que sofreu algumas adaptações pertinentes a este estudo. RESULTADOS: Dos 60 alunos avaliados, 52 (87%) apresentaram algum tipo de desvio postural e 8 (13%) nenhum desvio aparente. Conforme o gráfico 1 (total de alterações). Conforme o gráfico 2 (tipos de alterações), das manifestações posturais analisadas, a hiperlordose lombar foi o desvio postural de maior incidência 40 (35%), seguido por ombros protusos 30 (26%), hipercifose torácica 21 (18%), escoliose 15 (13%) e escápula abduzida 9 (8%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam que um grande número de escolares apresentou algum tipo de desvio postural. Concordamos com diversos autores sobre o ponto de vista que para evitar o aparecimento dessas enfermidades precisamos interferir e modificar os comportamentos inadequados, antes que eles se instalem e tornem-se hábitos.

OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to investigate postural changes in students from elementary school. Materials and METHODS: In order to conduct postural assessments, it was used a simetrograph Cardiomed WCS made in flexible crystal (banner type), measuring180x70 cm. Assessments were facilitated by using a board (posture board) measuring 40x40cm, in which footprints were designed. Data recording was performed by means of the assessment form from the PAI-Postural Assessment Instrument, which underwent some changes pertinent to this study. RESULTS: Of the 60 students assessed, 52 (87%) presented some kind of postural deviation, and 8 (13%) showed no apparent deviation, according to figure 1 (total changes). As seen in figure 2 (types of changes), from the postural manifestations under analysis, lumbar hyperlordosis was found to present the highest incidence 40 (35%), followed by protruding shoulders 30 (26%), thoracic hyperkyphosis 21 (18%), scoliosis 15 (13%) and scapula abducted 9 (8%). CONCLUSION: The results showed that a large number of students had some kind of postural deviation. We agree with several authors on the view that to avoid the onset of these diseases it is needed to interfere and modify inappropriate behaviors before they settle and become habits.

Atividade Física e Nível de Depressão em Idosas / Physical Activity and Depression Level in Elderly

Sabendo-se que essa diminuição da capacidadefuncional é um dos fatores causadores da depressão emidosos, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar ainfluência da prática de exercícios físicos na ocorrência desinais sugestivos de depressão geriátrica. Materiais eMétodos: Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevistaestruturada utilizando a Escala Geriátrica de Depressão(YESAVAGE, 1983). Resultados: Das 15 idosas entrevistadas,conforme pontuação da Escala Geriátrica de Yesavage, 12apresentaram grau normal (80%), 3 depressão média (20%)e nenhuma depressão moderada/severa (0%). Os dadoscoletados mostraram uma possível afirmação de que a práticade exercícios físicos regulares contribui de forma positivapara diminuir os níveis de depressão em idosas, pois o indivíduoativo apresenta um menor risco de desenvolver doenças,devido à prática propriamente dita e também ao convívio social.Conclusão: Desta forma conclui-se que a partir dos dadoscoletados, a prática de atividade física, possivelmente contribuipara uma melhora na capacidade funcional e ao mesmo temporeduzindo os níveis de depressão geriátrica...

In the last 50 years, it has been having a significantincrease in the elderly population, which is a group of peoplethat face physical condition decline due to changes occurringin their bodies throughout the years. Objective: Knowing thatsuch a decrease in functional capacity is one the factorscausing depression in the elderly, this study aims to determinethe influence of physical exercise in the occurrence of signssuggestive of geriatric depression. Materials and Methods:Data were collected through a structured interview using theGeriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage, 1983).Results: Fromthe 15 elderly interviewed, according to Yesavage GeriatricScale scores, 12 had normal level (80%), 03 presented milddepression (20%), and no moderate / severe depression wasobserved (0%). Data collected have showed that the practiceof regular physical exercise contributes positively to lowerdepression levels in elderly women, because the activeindividual presents a lower risk of developing diseases due tothe practice itself and also to social life. Conclusion: Thus, itmay be concluded that physical activity possibly contributesto an improvement in functional capacity while reduces levelsof geriatric depression...